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A. General Standards. In all areas of special flood hazards, the following standards shall apply for all new construction and substantial improvements or other development:

1. Anchoring.

a. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement of the structure.

b. All manufactured homes must be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement by providing over-the-top and frame ties to ground anchors. Specific requirements shall be that:

i. Over-the-top ties be provided at each end of the manufactured home, with two (2) additional ties per side at intermediate locations and manufactured homes less than fifty (50) feet long requiring one (1) additional tie per side.

ii. Frame ties be provided at each corner of the home with five (5) additional ties per side at intermediate points and manufactured homes less than fifty (50) feet long requiring four (4) additional ties per side.

iii. All components of the anchoring system be capable of carrying a force of four thousand eight hundred (4,800) pounds; and

iv. Additions to the manufactured home shall be similarly anchored.

c. An alternative method of anchoring may involve a system designed to withstand a wind force of ninety (90) miles per hour or greater. Certification by a registered architect or engineer must be provided to the Building Official that this standard has been met.

2. Construction Materials and Methods.

a. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage.

b. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed using methods and practices that minimize flood damage.

c. Electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, and air-conditioning equipment and other service facilities shall be designed and/or otherwise elevated or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding.

3. Utilities.

a. All new and replacement water supply systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the system;

b. Water wells shall be located on high ground that is not in the floodway.

c. New and replacement sanitary sewage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the systems and discharge from the systems into floodwaters; and

d. On-site waste disposal systems shall be located to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding.

4. Use of Openings in Enclosures below a Structure’s Lowest Floor. All new construction and substantial improvements, which have fully enclosed areas below the lowest floor that are subject to flooding, shall be designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls by allowing for the entry and exit of floodwaters in those areas. Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect or must meet or exceed the following minimum criteria: A minimum of two (2) openings having a total net area of not less than one (1) square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding shall be provided. The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one (1) foot above grade. Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, or other coverings or devices provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters.

5. Subdivision Proposals.

a. All subdivision proposals shall be consistent with the need to minimize flood damage.

b. All public utilities and facilities serving subdivision proposals, such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems, shall be located and constructed to minimize flood damage.

c. All subdivision proposals shall have adequate drainage provided to reduce exposure to flood damage.

d. Base flood elevation data shall be provided for subdivision proposals and other proposed developments that contain more than fifty (50) lots or five (5) acres, whichever is less.

e. The final recorded subdivision plat shall include a notice that part of the property is in the SFHA, riparian habitat zone and/or channel migration area, as appropriate.

6. Review of Building Permits. Where elevation data is not available either through a Flood Insurance Study or from another authoritative source, applications for building and land use permits shall be reviewed to assure that proposed construction will be reasonably safe from flooding. The test of reasonableness is a local judgment and includes use of historical data, high water marks, photographs of past flooding, etc., where available. Failure to elevate at least two (2) feet above grade in these zones may result in higher insurance rates.

7. Encroachments. It must be demonstrated that the cumulative effect of any proposed development, where combined with all other existing and anticipated development, shall not increase the water surface elevation of the base flood more than one (1) foot at any point.

B. Specific Standards. In all areas of special flood hazards where base flood elevation data has been provided, the following provisions apply:

1. Residential Construction. New construction and substantial improvement of any residential structure shall elevate the lowest floor, including basement, at least one (1) foot above the base flood elevation.

2. Nonresidential Construction. New construction and substantial improvement of any commercial, industrial or other nonresidential structure shall either elevate the lowest floor, including basement, at least one (1) foot above the base flood elevation or, together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, shall:

a. Be flood-proofed so that below one (1) foot above the base flood level the structure is watertight, with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water.

b. Have structural components capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy.

c. Be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect that the design and methods of construction are in accordance with the standards of this subsection. Such certification shall be provided to the City for review and approval.

d. Nonresidential structures that are elevated and are not flood-proofed must meet the same standards for space below the lowest floor as described in this section.

e. Applicants flood-proofing nonresidential buildings shall be advised that flood insurance premiums will be based on rates that are one (1) foot below the flood-proofed level (e.g., a building flood-proofed to the base flood level will be rated as one (1) foot below).

3. Manufactured Homes. All manufactured homes to be placed or substantially improved within Zones A1-A30, AH, and AE shall be elevated on a permanent foundation such that the lowest floor of the manufactured home is elevated at least one (1) foot above the base flood elevation.

a. Manufactured homes shall be securely anchored to an adequately anchored foundation system so that:

i. The lowest floor of the manufactured home is elevated at least one (1) foot above the base flood elevation; or

ii. The manufactured home chassis is supported by reinforced piers or other foundation elements of at least equivalent strength that are no less than thirty-six (36) inches in height above grade and be securely anchored to an adequately designed foundation system to resist flotation, collapse, and lateral movement.

b. The following provisions apply to existing manufactured home parks and subdivisions where the repair, reconstruction or improvement of the streets, utilities and pads equals or exceeds fifty (50) percent of the value of the streets, utilities and pads before repair, reconstruction or improvement has commenced. The same provisions apply to manufactured homes not placed in a manufactured home park or subdivision:

i. Pads or lots are elevated on compacted fill to or above the base flood level (insurance can be waived).

ii. Stands or lots are elevated on compacted fill or on pilings so that the lowest floor of the mobile home will be at or above the base level (insurance required).

iii. Adequate surface drainage and access for hauler are provided; and

iv. In the instance of elevation on piers or pilings where:

(a) Lots are large enough to permit steps.

(b) Pier and piling foundations are placed in stable soil no more than ten (10) feet apart.

(c) Reinforcement is provided for piers and pilings more than six (6) feet above the ground level.

4. Accessory Structures and Uses.

a. New construction and substantial improvement of residential accessory structures in special flood hazard areas are not subject to the requirements of this section; provided, that:

i. The floor area of all floors of the accessory structure totals one thousand (1,000) square feet or less.

ii. The accessory structure shall not be used for human habitation.

iii. The accessory structure shall be designed to have low flood damage potential.

iv. The accessory structure shall be constructed and placed on the building site so as to offer the minimum resistance to the flow of floodwaters.

v. The accessory structure shall be firmly anchored to prevent flotation that may result in damage to other structures.

vi. All service facilities, such as electrical and heating equipment associated with the accessory structure, shall be elevated or flood-proofed.

b. If it is determined that the accessory structure may cause significant flood risk, all requirements of this section shall be satisfied.

c. When accessory structures built under the provisions of this section exceed a value greater than ten (10) percent of the value of the principal residential structure, substantial increases in insurance rates may result.

5. Critical Facilities. Construction of new critical facilities shall be, to the greatest extent possible, located outside the limits of the special flood hazard area. Construction of new critical facilities shall be permissible within the one hundred (100) year floodplain if no feasible alternative site is available. Critical facilities constructed within the one hundred (100) year floodplain shall have the lowest floor elevated three (3) feet or more above the level of the one hundred (100) year base flood elevation at the site. Flood-proofing and sealing measures must be taken to ensure that toxic substances will not be displaced by or released into floodwaters. All access routes to critical facilities shall be elevated to at least one (1) foot above the base flood elevation, to the greatest extent possible.

6. Floodways. The floodway is an extremely hazardous area due to the velocity of floodwaters that carry debris, potential projectiles, and erosion potential. The following provisions apply:

a. Encroachments, including fill, new construction, substantial improvements, and other development, shall be prohibited, except for:

i. Repairs, reconstruction, or improvements to a structure which do not increase the ground floor area.

ii. Repairs, reconstruction or improvements to a structure, the cost of which does not exceed fifty (50) percent of the fair market value of the structure either before the repair, or reconstruction is started, or if the structure has been damaged, and is being restored, before the damage occurred.

iii. Any project for improvement of a structure to comply with existing state or local health, sanitary, or safety code specifications, which are solely necessary to assure safe living conditions.

iv. Any alteration of a structure listed on the National Register of Historic Places or a State Inventory of Historic Places that does not increase the building’s dimensions.

v. Repairs, replacement, reconstruction or improvement to existing farmhouses located in designated floodways and on designated agricultural lands that do not increase the building’s total square footage of encroachment and are consistent with all requirements of WAC 173-158-075.

vi. Repairs, replacement, reconstruction or improvements to substantially damaged residential dwellings other than farmhouses that do not increase the building’s total square footage of encroachment and are consistent with all requirements of WAC 173-158-075.

vii. Prior to the repair or replacement of a substantially damaged residential structure located within a floodway, a recommendation shall be obtained from the Washington Department of Ecology in accordance with WAC 173-158-076.

viii. The applicant shall provide a certification by a registered professional engineer demonstrating through hydrologic and hydraulic analyses performed in accordance with standard engineering practice that the proposed development would not result in any increase in flood levels during the occurrence of the base flood discharge.

b. All new construction and substantial improvements permitted pursuant to this subsection (B)(6) shall comply with all applicable flood hazard reduction provisions of this subsection (B) of this section.

c. In areas with base flood elevations (but a regulatory floodway has not been designated), no new construction, substantial improvements, or other development (including fill) shall be permitted within Zones A1-30 and AE on the community’s FIRM, unless it is demonstrated that the cumulative effect of the proposed development, when combined with all other existing and anticipated development, will not increase the water surface elevation of the base flood more than one (1) foot at any point within the community.

7. Shallow Flooding Areas (AO Zones). Shallow flooding areas appear on FIRM as AO zones with depth designations. The base flood depths in these zones range from one (1) to three (3) feet above ground where a clearly defined channel does not exist, or where the path of flooding is unpredictable and where velocity flow may be evident. Such flooding is usually characterized as sheet flow. In all areas of special flood hazards designated as areas of shallow flooding, the following provisions shall apply:

a. All new construction and substantial improvements of residential structures and manufactured homes shall have the lowest floor, including the basement, elevated one (1) foot above the highest grade adjacent to the building site or above the depth number specified on the FIRM; at least two (2) feet if no depth number is specified.

b. All new construction and substantial improvements of nonresidential structures shall:

i. Have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated one (1) foot above the highest adjacent grade of the building site or above the depth number specified on the FIRM, at least two (2) feet if no depth number is specified; or

ii. Together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, be completely flood proofed to or above that level so that any space below that level is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy. If this method is used, compliance shall be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect.

c. Require adequate drainage paths around structures on slopes to guide floodwaters around and away from proposed structures.

8. Site Design.

a. Structures and other development shall be located to avoid flood damage.

i. If a lot has a buildable site out of the Regulatory Floodplain, all new structures shall be located in that area.

ii. If a lot does not have a buildable site out of the Regulatory Floodplain, all new structures, pavement and other development must be sited in the location that has the least impact on habitat by locating the structures as far from the water body as possible or placing the structures on the highest land and lot.

iii. A minimum setback of fifteen (15) feet from the protected area shall be required for all structures.

b. All new development shall be designed and located to minimize the impact on flood flows, flood storage, water quality and habitat.

i. Storm water and drainage features shall incorporate low impact development techniques that mimic predevelopment hydrologic conditions. Such methods include storm water infiltration, rain gardens, grass swales, filter strips, disconnected impervious areas, permeable pavement and vegetative roof systems.

ii. If the proposed project will create new impervious surfaces so that more than ten (10) percent of the portion of the parcel in the Regulatory Floodplain is covered by impervious surface, the applicant shall demonstrate that there will be no net increase in the rate and volume of storm water surface runoff that leaves the site or that the adverse impact is mitigated.

9. Hazardous Materials. No new development shall create a threat to public health, public safety, or water quality. Chemicals, explosives, gasoline, propane, buoyant materials, animal wastes, fertilizers, flammable liquids, pollutants, or other materials that are hazardous, toxic, or a threat to water quality are prohibited from the Regulatory Floodplain. This prohibition does not apply to small quantities of these materials kept for normal household use. [Ord. 726 § 2 (Exh. B), 2019.]